Natural History of the Santa Fe Watershed

A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Santa Fe Area

Compiled by Ted Brown

Tiger Salamnder – Ambystoma tigrinum

Boreal Chorus Treefrog – Pseudacris maculata

Canyon Treefrog – Hyla arenicolor

Bullfrog – Rana catesbeiana

Northern Leopard Frog – Rana pipiens

Plains Spadefoot – Spea bombifrons

New Mexico Spadefoot – Spea multiplicata

Woodhouse’s Toad – Bufo woodhousii

Red-spotted Toad – Bufo punctatus

Box Turtle – Terrapene ornata

Lesser Earless Lizard – Holbrookia maculata

Round-tailed Horned Lizard – Phrynosoma modestum

Short-horned Lizard – Phrynosoma hernandesi

Collared Lizard – Crotaphytus collaris

Fence or Plateau Lizard – Sceloporus tristichus

Little Striped Whiptail – Aspidoscelis inornata

Plateau Striped Whiptail – Aspidoscelis velox

Many-lined Skink – Eumeces multivirgatus

Western Diamond-backed Rattlesnake – Crotalus atrox

Prairie Rattlesnake – Crotalus viridis

Western Hog-nosed Snake – Heterodon nasicus

Bullsnake – Pituophis catenifer

Great Plains Rat Snake – Elaphe emoryi

Wandering Garter Snake – Thamnophis elegans

Glossy Snake – Arizona elegans

Night Snake – Hypsiglena torquata

Milk Snake – Lampropeltis triangulum

Coachwhip – Masticophis flagellum

Mountain Patch-nosed Snake – Salvadora grahamiae

Smooth Green Snake – Opheodrys vernalis

Inventory of Plants observed in the Santa Fé River Canyon

Compiled by Roger Peterson, Viola Fisher, Bill Isaacs, Ann Parks,
Kent Williamson, Mark Wood

22 June, 2001

Numbers in the last column indicate months (e.g. 4 = April) in which flowering was observed. Introduced species that were probably planted in or near the canyon are marked “cultivated.” Introduced species that are abundant or likely to become bothersome are asterisked. Recently planted natives are marked “reintroduced”.

Trees, shrubs, woody vines

Acer negundo	Box-elder	native	Aceraceae	4
Ailanthus altissima	Tree-of-heaven	cultivated*	Simaroubaceae
Alnus tenuifolia	alder	native	Betulaceae	4
Amelanchier alnifolia	serviceberry	reintroduced	Rosaceae	6
Berberis repens	Oregon grape	native to NM	Berberidaceae	4
Cercocarpus montanus	mountain-mahogany	reintroduced	Rosaceae
Chrysothamnus nauseosus	chamisa	native	Compositae	9
Clematis ligusticifolia	clematis	native	Ranunculaceae	7-8
Cornus stolonifera	red-osier dogwood	reintroduced	Cornaceae
Crataegus sp.	hawthorn	probably introduced	Rosaceae
Elaeagnus angustifolia	Russian olive	introduced*	Elaeagnaceae	5-6
Fallugia paradoxa	Apache plume	native	Rosaceae	6
Forestiera neomexicana	New Mexico olive	reintroduced	Oleaceae
Gutierrezia sarothrae	broom snakeweed	native	Compositae	8-9
Jamesia americana	waxflower	native	Hydrangeaceae	7
Juniperus monosperma	one-seed juniper	native	Cupressaceae	3
Juniperus scopulorum	Rocky Mountain juniper	native	Cupressaceae
Lonicera involucrata	honeysuckle	reintroduced	Caprifoliaceae	5-6
Lonicera Xbella	honeysuckle	cultivated	Caprifoliaceae	5-6
Lonicera morrowi	honeysuckle	cultivated	Caprifoliaceae	5-6
Lycium pallidum	wolfberry	native	Solanaceae	6
Malus sylvestris	apple	cultivated	Rosaceae	5
Opuntia imbricata	cholla	native	Cactaceae	7
Opuntia phaeacantha	prickly pear	native	Cactaceae	7
Parthenocissus inserta	woodbine	native	Vitaceae	6-7
Philadelphus microphyllus	Mock orange	native	Saxifragaceae	6-7
Pinus edulis	piñon	native	Pinaceae
Pinus ponderosa	Ponderosa pine	native	Pinaceae
Populus Xacuminata	lance-leaf cottonwood	native	Salicaceae	4
Populus alba	white poplar	cultivated	Salicaceae
Populus angustifolia	narrow-leaf cottonwood	native	Salicaceae	4
Populus wislizenii	Rio Grande cottonwood	native	Salicaceae	4
Populus nigra var. italica	Lombardy poplar	cultivated	Salicaceae
Prunus armeniaca	apricot	cultivated	Rosaceae	4
Prunus sp.	plum	cultivated	Rosaceae	5
Prunus americana	wild plum	native	Rosaceae	5
Prunus virginiana	choke cherry	reintroduced	Rosaceae	6-7
Pyrus communis	pear	cultivated	Rosaceae
Quercus gambelii	Gambel’s oak	native	Fagaceae
Rhamnus cathartica	buckthorn, cascara	cultivated	Rhamnaceae	5-6
Ribes aureum	golden currant	native	Grossulariaceae	4
Ribes cereum	wax currant	native	Grossulariaceae	5
Robinia neomexicana	New Mexico locust	native to NM	Leguminosae	5-6
Robinia pseudoacacia	black locust	introduced	Leguminosae
Rosa multiflora	multiflora rose	cultivated	Rosaceae	6-7
Rosa woodsii	wild rose	native	Rosaceae	6-7
Salix babylonica	weeping willow	cultivated	Salicaceae
Salix exigua	coyote willow	native	Salicaceae	5-6
Salix irrorata	bluestem willow	native	Salicaceae	4
Salix lucida subsp. lasiandra	Pacific willow	native	Salicaceae	4-5
Salix nigra (var. vallicola?)	black willow	var. vallicola native NM	Salicaceae
Symphoricarpos oreophilus?	snowberry	reintroduced	Caprifoliaceae
Syringa vulgaris	lilac	planted	Oleaceae	5
Tamarix chinensis	tamarisk, salt cedar	cultivated*	Tamaricaceae	6
Ulmus americana	American elm	introduced	Ulmaceae	4
Ulmus pumila	Siberian elm	introduced*	Ulmaceae	3-4
Viburnum acerifolium	arrowwood	cultivated	Caprifoliaceae	6-7
Agropyron cristatum	crested wheatgrass	introduced	Gramineae	6-7
Agrostis stolonifera	creeping bentgrass	native	Gramineae	7-9
Bouteloua barbata	six-weeks grama	native	Gramineae	9-10
Bouteloua curtipendula	side-oats grama	native	Gramineae	8-9
Bouteloua gracilis	blue grama	native	Gramineae	9
Bouteloua simplex	mat grama	native	Gramineae	8-9
Bromus inermis	smooth brome	introduced*	Gramineae	5-6
Bromus japonicus	Japanese brome	introduced*	Gramineae	7
Bromus tectorum	cheatgrass	introduced*	Gramineae	4-7
Bromus sterilis [2d NM record]	poverty brome	introduced	Gramineae	5-6
Carex douglasii	dry-land sedge	native	Cyperaceae
Carex nebraskensis	streamside sedge	native	Cyperaceae	5-6
Dactylis glomerata	orchard-grass	introduced*	Gramineae	5-7
Eleocharis palustris	spikerush	native	Cyperaceae	8-9
Elymus canadensis	Canada wildrye	native	Gramineae	7-8
Elymus lanceolatus (E. dasystachys)	wheatgrass	native	Gramineae	7
Elymus longifolius (Sitanion hystrix)	squirreltail	native	Gramineae	6-7
Elymus pseudorepens	false quackgrass	native	Gramineae	7-9
Elymus smithii	western wheatgrass	native	Gramineae	6-8
Elymus trachycaulus	slim wheatgrass	native	Gramineae	7-8
Eragrostis cilianensis	stinkgrass	introduced	Gramineae	9
Festuca arundinacea	tall fescue	introduced	Gramineae	5-6,9
Festuca idahoensis	Idaho fescue	native	Gramineae	5-6
Hordeum jubatum	foxtail barley	introduced	Gramineae	6-7
Juncus balticus	wire rush	native	Juncaceae	6-7
Juncus bufonius	toad rush	native	Juncaceae	8-10
Oryzopsis hymenoides	rice grass	native	Gramineae
Oryzopsis micrantha	littleseed rice grass	native	Gramineae
Phleum pratense	timothy	introduced	Gramineae	7
Poa compressa	Canada bluegrass	introduced*	Gramineae	6-10
Poa fendleri	muttongrass	native	Gramineae	4-5
Poa interior	bluegrass	native	Gramineae	5-6
Poa pratensis	Kentucky bluegrass	probably introduced*	Gramineae	4-8
Scirpus pungens	three-square; bulrush	native	Cyperaceae	9
Sporobolus cryptandrus	sand dropseed	native	Gramineae	9
Stipa robusta	sleepy-grass	native	Gramineae	7-9
Triticum aestivale	wheat	introduced	Gramineae	7
Forbs
Allium cernuum	wild onion	native	Liliaceae	6-7
Alyssum minus	alyssum	introduced	Cruciferae	4
Amaranthus hybridus	pigweed	introduced	Amaranthaceae	9
Ambrosia psilostachya	western ragweed	native	Compositae	7-9
Aquilegia chrysantha	yellow columbine	native	Ranunculaceae	6-7
Asclepias subverticillata	poison milkweed	native	Asclepiadaceae	8
Asparagus officinale	asparagus	introduced	Liliaceae	7
Aster lanceolatus	western lined aster	native	Compositae	8-9
Bahia dissecta		native	Compositae	8-9
Calylophus serrulatus		native	Onagraceae	6-7
Camelina microcarpa	false flax	introduced	Cruciferae	5-6
Cardaria draba	whitetop	introduced*	Cruciferae	5-6
Castilleja integra	paintbrush	native	Scrophulariaceae	6
Chenopodium album	lamb’s-quarters	introduced	Chenopodiaceae	7-8
Chorispora tenella	blue mustard	introduced	Cruciferae	4
Convolvulus arvensis	field bindweed	introduced*	Convolvulaceae	7
Conyza canadensis	horseweed	native	Compositae	7-10
Corydalis aurea	golden smoke	native	Fumaririaceae	5-6
Cosmos parviflorus	cosmos	native	Compositae	9-10
Croton texensis	doveweed	native	Euphorbiaceae	7-8
Cucurbita foetidissima	buffalo-gourd	native	Cucurbitatceae
Cynoglossum officinale	hound’s tongue	cultivated*	Boraginaceae	7
Descurainia pinnata	tansy-mustard	native	Cruciferae	4-5
Descurainia sophia	flixweed	introduced	Cruciferae	5
Dracocephalum parviflora	dragonhead	native	Labiatae	7
Epilobium ciliatum	willow-herb	native	Onagraceae	9
Epipactis helleborine	helleborine	introduced	Orchidaceae	7-8
Equisetum arvense	horsetail, scouring rush	native	Equisitaceae	5-7
Equisetum hyemalis var. affine	horsetail	native	Equisitaceae	5-7
Erigeron divergens	fleabane daisy	native	Compositae	5-10
Erigeron flagellaris	trailing fleabane	native	Compositae	7-9
Eriogonum jamesii	wild buckwheat	native	Polygonaceae	7-9
Erodium cicutarium	filaree, alfilaria	introduced	Geraniaceae	4-5
Euphorbia dentata	spurge	native	Euphorbiaceae	9
Gaillardia pulchella	Indian-blanket	native	Compositae	6
Gaura coccinea	butterfly weed	native	Onagraceae	7-8
Gaura parviflora		native	Onagraceae	7-10
Geranium caespitosum	geranium	native	Geraniaceae	6-9
Grindelia aphanactis	gumweed	native	Compositae	7-10
Hemerocallis sp.	day-lily	cultivated	Liliaceae	7-8
Heterotheca (Chrysopsis) villosa	golden aster	native	Compositae	7-10
Hymenoxys richardsonii	pingue, bitterweed	native	Compositae	7-8
Ipomopsis aggregata	scarlet gilia	native	Polemoniaceae
Ipomoea hederacea	wild morning glory	native	Convolvulaceae	9-10
Iris missouriensis	wild iris	native	Iridaceae	5-6
Kochia scoparia	greenmolly, starwort	introduced*	Chenopodiaceae	8-10
Lactuca serriola	prickly lettuce	introduced	Compositae	9
Lappula redowskii	stickseed	native	Cruciferae	4-6
Lathyrus eucosmos	wild sweetpea	native	Leguminosae	5-7
Lathyrus latifolius	sweetpea	cultivated	Leguminosae	8
Linaria dalmatica	butter-and-eggs	introduced*	Scrophulariaceae	6-10
Linum lewisii	blue flax	native	Linaceae	5
Lithospermum incisum	puccoon, gromwell	native	Boraginaceae	5-6
Lupinus argenteus var. argophyllus	lupine	native to NM	Leguminosae	6,8
Lupinus sp?	lupine	native to NM	Leguminosae	6,8
Machaeranthera canescens	blue aster	native	Compositae	7-10
Machaeranthera pinnatifida	goldenweed	native	Compositae	7
Malva neglecta	cheeseweed	introduced	Malvaceae	6
Malva sp.	hollyhock	cultivated	Malvaceae	8
Marrubium vulgare	horehound	introduced*	Labiatae	7-10
Medicago lupulina	black medic	introduced*	Leguminosae	6-10
Medicago sativa	alfalfa	introduced*	Leguminosae	6-10
Melilotus alba	white sweet-clover	introduced*	Leguminosae	7-10
Melilotus officinalis	yellow sweet-clover	introduced*	Leguminosae	6-10
Menodora scabra	rough menodora	native	Oleaceae	7
Mentha spicata	spearmint	introduced	Labiatae
Mirabilis linearis	four-o’clock	native	Nyctaginaceae	7-8
Oenothera albicaulis	prairie evening primrose	native	Onagraceae	7
Oenothera coronopifolia	cut<-leaf evening primrose	native	Onagraceae	7-8
Oenothera hookeri	Hooker’s eve. primrose	native	Onagraceae	7
Penstemon barbatus	scarlet bugler	native	Scrophulariaceae	7-8
Penstemon strictus	Rocky Mtn. penstemon	native to NM	Scrophulariaceae	6-7
Phlox sp.	phlox	cultivated	Polemoniaceae	8
Phlox nana	canyon phlox	native	Polemoniaceae	7-8
Phoradendron juniperinum	mistletoe	native; on juniper	Viscaceae
Physalis hederaefolia/subulata	ground-cherry	native	Solanaceae	6
Plantago major	common plantain	introduced	Plantaginaceae	7
Polygonum aviculare	knotweed	native	Polygonaceae	7-8
Portulaca oleracea	purslane	introduced	Portulacaceae
Ratibida tagetes	short-rayed coneflower	native	Compositae	7-10
Ratibida columnifera	Prairie coneflower	native	Compositae	7-10
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum	watercress	introduced	Cruciferae	7
Rudbeckia laciniata	cone flower	native	Cruciferae
Rumex crispus	dock	native	Polygonaceae	6-7
Salvia reflexa	Rocky Mountain sage	native	Labiatae	9-10
Schkuhria multiflora	threadleaf	native	Compositae	9-10
Schorzonera laciniata	false salsify	introduced	Compositae	5-8
Senecio	butterweed	native	Compositae	6-9
Sisymbrium altissimum	tumble-mustard	introduced	Cruciferae	5-8
Sonchus asper	sow-thistle	introduced*	Compositae	7-10
Sphaeralcea fendleri	globe mallow	native	Malvaceae	7-9
Taraxacum officinale	dandelion	introduced*	Compositae	6-10
Thelesperma megapotamicum	Navajo tea	native	Compositae	7-8
add Thermopsis, ck Agropyrons
Tragopogon dubius	salsify; goatsbeard	introduced*	Compositae	5-10
Tragopogon porrifolius	salsify, goatsbeard	introduced	Compositae	6
Tribulus terrestris	goathead, puncture vine	introduced	Zygophyllaceae
Trifolium hybridum	Alsike clover	introduced	Leguminosae	7
Trifolium repens	white clover	introduced	Leguminosae	7
Typha sp.	cat-tail	native	Typhaceae
Verbascum thapsus	mullein	introduced*	Scrophulariaceae	7-10
Verbena bipinnatifida	verbena	native	Verbenaceae	5-7
Verbena bracteata	verbena	native	Verbenaceae	7
Verbena macdougali	verbena	native	Verbenaceae	7-8
Veronica americana	speedwell	native	Scrophulariaceae	6
Verbesina encelioides	cow-pen daisy	native	Compositae
Xanthium strumarium	cocklebur	native	Compositae
Yucca baccata	banana yucca	native	Agavaceae
Yucca glauca	soapweed yucca	native	Agavaceae

(c. 200 taxa, >100 of them native to New Mexico)

Natural History of the Santa Fe Watershed

A List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Santa Fe Area

Inventory of Plants observed in the Santa Fé River Canyon

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